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B’nai Brith Canada Proposes Outline to House of Commons on How to Better Combat Online Hate

May 2, 2019

OTTAWA – Recommendations on how to better combat online hatred were made Thursday by B’nai Brith Canada representatives to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights.

David Matas (Senior Legal Counsel) and Brian Herman (Director, Government Relations) submitted oral and written proposals on the subject.

As revealed in our 2018 Audit of Antisemitic Incidents, expressions of anti-Jewish hatred has increasingly moved online, with 80 per cent of antisemitic harassment having an online component often via social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. In response, B’nai Brith is urging government bodies to adopt the measures in our Eight-Point Plan to Tackle Antisemitism, which includes developing an action plan to counter online hate.

“To be both principled and effective, any law standing against incitement to hatred has to balance the right to freedom of expression with the right to freedom from incitement to hatred and discrimination,” Matas said.

To read his submission in its entirety, click here.

Herman, in his testimony, urged Parliamentarians to more effectively collect and share data, strengthen the legal framework and improve training for law enforcement. He also suggested better communications among government, industry and communities affected by online hate and more robust governance for social-media platforms.

To read Herman’s statement in its entirety, click here.

Below, find the conclusion to Matas’s submission to the Committee, entitled Combating Online Hatred, where he urges Canada to adopt “principled, effective, general civil and criminal legal remedies” for combating online hate.


Striking a balance between the right to freedom of expression and the right to freedom from incitement to hatred and discrimination requires remedies that are not so easily accessible that they can become vehicles to harass legitimate expression.

They also cannot be so difficult of access that they are effectively unworkable.

The previous Section 13 of the Canadian Human Rights Act went too far in one direction, where easy access could lead to the harassment of legitimate expression. We need to revive the substance of Section 13 to have a civil tool to combat online hate speech. In doing so, we must make sure we avoid problems in the law that prompted the original repeal of this section.

The Criminal Code, on the other hand, goes too far in the other direction, identifying some forms of incitement to hatred but not enough. We need to make changes to enhance the effectiveness of this remedy.

On July 8, 2005, the Government of Canada signed the Council of Europe Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime. The protocol addresses the criminalization of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems.

Almost 14 years later, the protocol has yet to be ratified. The reason may very well be Canada’s overly weak criminal law on incitement to hatred and the absence of a civil law addressed to online hate.

Generally, Canada should ratify the treaties it signs. That is what a signature means, an intent to ratify and comply with the treaty. It is more than time that Canada puts itself in a legal position to ratify this treaty.

It is easy enough to support respect for any human right where its opposition is a human rights violation. The task becomes more difficult, however, where the opposition to respect for one human right is respect for another human right.

In light of the prevalence and harm of online hate, the task in this area has become urgent. B’nai Brith Canada welcomes the fact that the Committee on Justice and Human Rights has taken it on.